Nile river-The Longest river in the World, Attraction: Nile River Delta and Cruise

The Nile river

The Nile river in Africa is the world’s longest river, stretching approximately 6,650 kilometers from its sources in the rivers that flow into Lake Victoria (Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya), to the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile drainage basin is part of eleven countries- Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, DR Congo, and Eritrea. The Nile River flows from south to north through eastern Africa. The river has a maximum width of 2.8 kilometers and an average depth of 8-11 meters. The river has provided a source of irrigation to transform the dry area around it into lush agricultural land. Today, the river continues to serve as a source of irrigation, as well as an important transportation and trade route.  Nile river map- The map is showing the origin of the Nile river near Lake victoria and the major country y and Cities from where it is flowing. The Nile river map is also showing that the river makes a delta in the Mediterranean Sea.

Source Of The River

Nile river has two tributaries- The White Nile and the Blue Nile. However, the Kagera River is considered the Nile’s distant source. The White Nile is considered to be the headwater’s stream. However, the Blue Nile is the source of most of the water of the Nile downstream, containing 80% of the water. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region. It begins at Lake Victoria and flows through Uganda and South Sudan. The Blue Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into Sudan. The two rivers meet at Khartoum, the capital of Sudan.

From Khartoum, the Nile flows in two distinct parts. The first part flows for about 1,380 kilometers to Lake Nasser, through a desert region. The second part flows for about 80 kilometers over five cataracts before reaching Sabaloka.

Lake Nasser stretches from northern Sudan into southern Egypt and is the world’s second-largest artificial lake. From Nasser (The Aswan Dam), the Nile flows and enters a delta region in North Cairo, where it splits into two distributaries, Rosetta on the west and Damietta on the east. The two distributaries empty into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile Delta contains most of the sediments, originating from the Ethiopian plateaus. The thickness of the silts varies between 15 and 20 meters and contains Africa’s most fertile soil.

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Nile river delta

The Nile Delta is formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world’s largest river deltas from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east, it covers 240 km of the Mediterranean coastline and is a rich agricultural region.  From north to south, the delta is approximately 160 km in length. From west to east, it covers some 240 km of coastline. The Nile delta is divided into two main distributaries, the Damietta and the Rosetta, flowing into the Mediterranean at port cities with the same name. The Nile is considered to be an “arcuate” delta, as it resembles a triangle or flower when seen from above. The Suez Canal is east of the delta and enters the coastal Lake Manzala in the northeast of the delta. To the northwest are three other coastal lakes or lagoons: Lake Burullus, Lake Idku, and Lake Mariout.

Wildlife

Along the Nile River, are different tropical forests. These contain tropical plants such as rubber, ebony, bamboo, and coffee shrubs. Mixed woodland and savanna occur in the Lake Plateau, characterized by perennial herbs, grass, and foliage trees. The Sudanese plains contain thorny trees, thin bushes, and grasslands. Some common vegetations on these plains include reedmace, papyrus, water hyacinth, and water lettuce. During autumn, parts of the Nile River are red with lotus flowers. The Nile system contains varieties of fish species, reptiles, and Hippos that are only found in the Al-Sudd region. Several hundred thousand water birds are found in the delta, including the world’s largest concentrations of little gulls and whiskered terns.